A capping machine is a device used to automatically screw caps or lids onto bottles and is commonly used in production lines in the food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Its working principle is to accurately screw caps or closures onto the mouths of bottles or containers through a series of automated steps, thus ensuring the sealing and safety of the products. The working principle of the capping machine will be described in detail below:

1. Cap supply system: Firstly, the caps or bottle caps will pass through a cap supply system which feeds the caps into the working area of the capping machine according to certain rules and directions. The caps can be supplied to the capping machine by means of vibrating discs, conveyor belts or other mechanical devices.

2. Positioning system: After the caps are fed into the capping machine, a positioning system is used to ensure that the caps are in the correct position and orientation. The positioning system usually uses sensors or cameras to detect the position of the cap and then adjusts the position and orientation of the cap to ensure that it is correctly screwed onto the bottle.

3. Capping system: Once the cap has been correctly positioned, the capping system begins to work. The capping system usually consists of a capping head that can be changed for different products and cap types. The head rotates at a certain torque and speed to tighten the cap onto the bottle or container.

4. Transport system: After the capping is complete, the bottles are transported to the next station or assembly line to continue the production process. The transport system usually consists of a conveyor belt or other type of mechanical device to move the product to the next workstation.

5. Control System: The capping machine is usually also equipped with a control system to monitor and adjust the operation of the capping machine. The control system adjusts the speed, torque and other parameters of the capping head to ensure that the cap is properly screwed onto the bottle.

6. Detection system:, Capping machines are also usually equipped with a detection system to check if the cap is being screwed into the correct position. The detection system can use sensors or cameras to detect the position and sealing of the cap, and if there is any abnormality it will sound an alarm or stop the machine operation.

Overall, a capping machine ensures a tight seal on a product through a series of automated steps to accurately and efficiently screw the cap onto the bottle or container. Its working principle includes a number of parts such as cap supply system, positioning system, capping system, transport system, control system and inspection system, which work together to complete the capping tightening work. Through the use of capping machine, it can greatly improve the production efficiency and product quality, reduce the error and labour intensity in manual operation.